Showing posts with label children's health. Show all posts
Showing posts with label children's health. Show all posts

Tuesday, August 27, 2013

Top Children’s Vitamins Full of Aspartame, GMOs & Harmful Chemicals

flintstonesnew 

How often are parents aware of the ingredients contained in the multivitamin that they feed their children? We often believe what we hear without ever questioning what mass marketing and media has to say about a product. In this case they have led thousands of parents to purchase multivitamins because they believe it has significant nutritional value. But do these vitamins truly provide nutritional benefit? If so, at what cost?
If we look at the Flintstones vitamin, (one of the top multivitamins in the United States) it contains a number of genetically-modified organisms (GMOs), aspartame, aluminum, petroleum-derived artificial colours and more. All of these ingredients are not optimal for health and can be very toxic. You can view the entire list of ingredients here.
Lets take a closer look at some of these ingredients.

Aspartame
Aspartame is known to damage the brain at any dose by leaving traces of Methanol in the blood. It makes you wonder why Aspartame has been approved as “safe” and is found in thousands of food products; not to mention children’s vitamins. It’s also linked to Lymphoma and Leukaemia. It’s basically a synthetic combination of the amino acids aspartic acid and I-phenylalanine. It’s known to convert into toxic methanol and formaldehyde in the body.  Hopefully this motivates you to further your research. If you are looking for specific studies, you can check out these ones published in the US National Library of Medicine:


Sorbitol
Sorbitol is a synthetic sugar substitute which is classified as a sugar alcohol. The ingestion of higher amounts have been linked to gastrointestinal disturbances from abdominal pain to more serious conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome. You can view some studies related to Sorbitol below:


Hydrogenated Soybean Oil
Anything marketed to children that contains hydrogenated soybean oil is irresponsible. They are semi-synthetic fatty acids that incorporate themselves into our tissues. They’ve been linked to dozens of harmful health effects, from coronary artery disease to cancer and fatty liver disease. You can view a number of links to studies conducted here.

Ferrous Fumarate
This is quite remarkable that Ferrous Fumarate is an ingredient here. There is a clear warning on the Flintstone’s web site concerning this chemical. It’s used as an iron supplement. When consuming iron that comes naturally in food, it’s impossible to inject toxic amounts that can cause death. But when taking Ferrous Fumarate, fatal levels of toxicity can be reached.
Accidental overdose of iron-containing products is a leading cause of fatal poisoning in children under 6. Keep this product out of reach of children. In case of accidental overdose, call a doctor or poison control centre immediately (1)
Studies have been conducted that show ferrous fumarate doesn’t even affect iron status in children, you can read that study here. Below are links to a few more studies, out of many:


Cupric Oxide
According the European Union’s Dangerous Substance Directive, Cupric Oxide is listed as a hazardous substance. It’s classified as both harmful and dangerous to the environment. It is used as a pigment in ceramics and as a chemical in the production of rayon fabric and dry cell batteries. It is indeed a mineral, but should this really be a nutrient in a children’s vitamin?

Brief Summary of Bayer Pharmaceuticals
Most pharmaceutical companies, like Bayer, the developer of the Flintstones vitamins, do not have the best track record. Bayer is a German chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in 1863.  In 1925, it became part of IG Farben, a German chemical industry conglomerate. This chemical company had board members that were responsible for the creation of the Federal Reserve, like Paul Warburg (2), who sat on the board of the Federal Reserve as well as I.G Farben. It was a corporation well connected with the Rockefeller’s, and the second largest shareholder in Standard Oil. The investment was part of a pattern of reciprocal investments between the U.S. and Germany during the Nazi years (3). It’s well known that IG Farben was closely connected with the Nazi’s. They held the patent for the pesticide Zyklon B, the chemical used in gas chambers. Some of IG Farben’s directors were accused as war criminals, while others continued on with the agenda we see taking form today. We can see a conflict of interest through the companies shareholders when it comes to the creation of pharmaceutical products.

I think it’s time for us to examine what we choose to feed our children. All it takes is a little investigation and stepping into our own awareness of what is going on around us. Many of us live a robotic life style, we are all here doing the same thing. We’ve been programmed to grow up, work and spend most of our hours doing just that. While we participate in a  9-5, eat sleep watch TV, participate in a number of activities for entrainment purposes type of reality, there are those working behind the scenes manipulating the consciousness of the human race. All we have to do is notice, after that we can begin making better choices in our own lives. The world is indeed waking up, something new is desired, the current Earth paradigm is one many people don’t resonate with any more. A lot of us feel that it’s time to move on, grow and explore our infinite potentiality.

*****
Lose Sickness and Find Wellness did not write the article above but we're sharing it because we agree 100% with the information provided.  There is NO REASON any parent should provide this "stuff" to a child.  There are alternatives...healthier alternatives...We are going to highlight one below:

  
nutraMetrix DNA Miracles Gummy Vitamins   



Key Ingredients Found In nutraMetrix DNA Miracles™ Gummy Vitamins:

Vitamin A (Beta-Carotene)
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin. Sources of vitamin A include organ meats (such as liver and kidney), egg yolks, butter, carrot juice, squash, sweet potatoes, spinach, peaches, fortified dairy products and cod liver oil.

Vitamin A is also part of a family of compounds, including retinol, retinal and beta-carotene. Beta-carotene, also known as pro-vitamin A, can be converted into vitamin A when additional levels are required. All the body’s tissues need vitamin A for general growth and repair. Vitamin A helps to promote healthy night vision, support normal bone growth, and support an antioxidant defense and a healthy immune system.

Vitamin C
Vitamin C is found in peppers (sweet, green, red, hot red and green chili), citrus fruits and brussels sprouts, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, collards, mustard greens, broccoli, spinach, guava, kiwi fruit, currants and strawberries. Nuts and grains contain small amounts of vitamin C. It is important to note that cooking destroys vitamin C activity.

Vitamin C is integral in supporting a healthy immune system, promoting cardiovascular health, helping to maintain healthy cholesterol levels and providing an antioxidant defense. The body does not manufacture vitamin C on its own, nor does it store it. Therefore, vitamin C must be acquired through diet and supplementation.

Vitamin D3
Regular sunlight exposure is the main way that most humans get their vitamin D. Food sources of vitamin D are vitamin D-fortified milk (100 IU per cup), cod liver oil, and fatty fish such as salmon. Small amounts are found in egg yolks and liver. Vitamin D promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and supports the production of several proteins involved in calcium absorption and storage.

Vitamin D works with calcium to promote hard, strong bones. It works to promote active transport of calcium out of the osteoblasts into the extra-cellular fluid and in the kidneys, promotes calcium and phosphate uptake by renal tubules. Vitamin D also promotes the normal absorption of dietary calcium and phosphate uptake by the intestinal epithelium. It promotes healthy growth and repair of tissues, and supports overall skin health.

Vitamin E
The most valuable sources of dietary vitamin E include vegetable oils, margarine, nuts, seeds, avocados and wheat germ. Safflower oil contains large amounts of vitamin E (about two thirds of the RDA in ¼ cup), and there are trace amounts in corn oil and soybean oil. Vitamin E is actually a family of related compounds called tocopherols and tocotrienols.

Vitamin E is available in a natural or synthetic form. In most cases, the natural and synthetic forms are identical except the natural form of vitamin E is better absorbed and retained in the body. The natural form of alpha-tocopherol is known as "d-alpha tocopherol." The synthetic "dl-" form is the most common form found in dietary supplements. For those individuals watching their dietary fat consumption, which is relatively common in the world of dieting, vitamin E intake is likely to be low, due to a reduced intake of foods with high fat content.

The main health benefit of supplemental vitamin E comes from its immune-boosting antioxidant activity. It also supports normal healing and is known to promote cardiovascular health. Vitamin E is one of the most powerful fat-soluble antioxidants in the body. In turn, vitamin E protects cell membranes from free radical damage.

Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)
Thiamin plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism and nerve function. Thiamin is required for a healthy nervous system and assists in the production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It is used in the manufacture of hydrochloric acid and, therefore, plays a part in digestion, increases energy and helps promote mental clarity.

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Vitamin B2 is found in liver, dairy products, dark green vegetables and some types of seafood. Vitamin B2 serves as a co-enzyme, working with other B vitamins. It promotes healthy blood, and supports both the nervous system and normal human growth. It supports healthy skin, nails, hair growth and helps maintain a healthy thyroid. Vitamin B2 plays a crucial role in turning food into energy as a part of the electron transport chain, driving cellular energy on the micro-level.

Vitamin B2 aids in the breakdown of fats while functioning as a cofactor or helper in activating B6 and folic acid. Vitamin B2 is water-soluble and cannot be stored by the body except in insignificant amounts; thus, it must be replenished daily. Under some conditions, vitamin B2 can act as an antioxidant. The riboflavin coenzymes are also important for the transformation of vitamin B6 and folic acid into their active forms, and for the conversion of tryptophan into niacin.

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Vitamin B3, also known as niacin, is a water-soluble vitamin necessary for many aspects of health, growth and reproduction. Part of the vitamin B complex, niacin supports the functioning of the digestive system, skin and nerves and is important for the conversion of food to energy. Niacin is found in dairy products, poultry, fish, lean meats, nuts, eggs, legumes, and enriched breads and cereals.

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxal 5’ phosphate)
Poultry, fish, whole grains and bananas are the main dietary sources of vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 is a co-factor required for protein and amino acid metabolism and helps maintain proper fluid balance. It also assists in the maintenance of healthy red and white blood cells. Vitamin B6 is required for hemoglobin synthesis. It is involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters in brain and peripheral nerve cells, it has been recommended as a nutrient to enhance mental function, specifically mood, and it supports normal nerve conduction.

Vitamin B6, when taken with folic acid, has been shown to help maintain normal plasma levels of homocysteine, which promotes optimal cardiovascular health. Vitamin B6 should be administered as a part of a complex of other B-vitamins for best results.

Folic acid
Folic acid is mainly found in fruits and vegetables. Dark, leafy greens, oranges, orange juice, beans and peas are the best sources as well as Brewer’s yeast, which supplies additional B-vitamins. Folic acid plays a key role by boosting the benefits of vitamin B12 supplementation. These two B-vitamins join forces and work together in maintaining normal red blood cells.

Folic acid assists in the normal utilization of amino acids and proteins as well as promoting the normal construction of the material for DNA and RNA synthesis. Scientific studies have found that when working in tandem with folic acid, vitamin B12 is capable of promoting a healthy cardiovascular and nervous system.

Vitamin B12 (Methylcobalamin)
Vitamin B12 is naturally found in meats, liver, beef, pork, eggs, whole milk, cheese, whole wheat bread and fish. Vitamin B12 can only be found in animal products, with small amounts derived from fermented soy products, such as miso and tempeh, and peanuts. It is essential that vegetarians consume a vitamin B12 supplement to maintain optimal health.

Vitamin B12 itself is responsible for maintaining optimum energy levels, as it plays a vital role in the Krebs energy cycle. It is also a great anti-aging ingredient and helps increase concentration.

Biotin
Biotin can be found in food sources, such as egg yolks, peanuts, beef liver, milk, cereals, almonds and Brewer’s yeast. Biotin is used in healthy cell growth, the production of fatty acids, metabolism of fats and amino acids. It plays a role in the citric acid cycle, which is the process in which biochemical energy is generated during aerobic respiration. Biotin not only assists in various metabolic chemical conversions but also helps to transfer carbon dioxide. Biotin is also helpful in maintaining a steady blood sugar level. Biotin is often recommended for strengthening hair and nails.

Pantothenic acid
Pantothenic acid (B5) is the transfer agent for choline to acetylcholine, which promotes proper neurotransmitter activity in the brain. Pantothenic acid is also known as the anti-stress vitamin because it detoxifies brain tissue, helps relieve physical and emotional stress and plays a very important role in the secretion of hormones.

Calcium
Calcium is found in milk, cheese, yogurt, corn tortillas, Chinese cabbage (Napa), kale and broccoli. Calcium is an essential mineral with a wide range of biological roles. The skeleton has an obvious structural requisite for calcium. The skeleton also acts as a storehouse for calcium. Apart from being a major constituent of bones and teeth, calcium promotes normal muscle contraction, nerve conduction, cardiovascular health, the production of energy and helps maintain a healthy immune system.

A sufficient daily calcium intake is necessary for maintaining bone density, and maintaining healthy teeth and bones. When the body does not obtain enough calcium each day, it draws calcium from the bones causing them to thin, leading to osteoporosis.

Iodine
Iodine is found in most seafood and in iodized salt. It is a necessary component of thyroid hormones and helps regulate and maintain a properly functioning metabolism.

Magnesium
Foods rich in magnesium include unpolished grains, nuts and green vegetables. Green, leafy vegetables are potent sources of magnesium because of their chlorophyll content. Meats, starches and milk are less rich sources of magnesium. Refined and processed foods are generally quite low in magnesium.

Magnesium is a component of the mineralized part of bone, and is necessary for the metabolism of potassium and calcium in adults. It helps maintain normal levels of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, adrenaline and insulin. It is also important for the mobilization of calcium, transporting it inside the cell for further utilization. It plays a key role in the functioning of muscle and nervous tissue. Magnesium is necessary for the synthesis of all proteins, nucleic acids, nucleotides, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, lipids and carbohydrates.

Magnesium is required for release of energy, and it promotes the normal regulation of body temperature and proper nerve function. It helps the body handle stress, and it promotes a healthy metabolism. Magnesium works together with calcium to promote the normal regulation of the heart and blood pressure. Importantly, magnesium is also required by the body to build healthy bones and teeth, and promotes proper muscle development. It works together with calcium and vitamin D to help keep bones strong. Magnesium also promotes cardiovascular health by supporting normal platelet activity and helping to maintain normal cholesterol levels.

Zinc
Zinc is largely found in fortified cereals, red meats, eggs, poultry and certain seafood, including oysters. It is a component of multiple enzymes and proteins. It is also involved in the regulation of gene expression. Zinc is an essential trace mineral that has functions in approximately 300 different enzyme reactions. Thus, zinc plays a part in almost all biochemical pathways and physiological processes.

More than 90 percent of the body’s zinc is stored in the bones and muscles, but zinc is also found in virtually all body tissues. It has been claimed that zinc supports normal healing and the immune system, promotes a healthy prostate gland and supports healthy sperm quality. Because zinc is involved in such a great number of enzymatic processes, it has been found to support a large range of functions, including digestion, energy production, growth, cellular repair, collagen synthesis, bone strength, cognitive function and carbohydrate metabolism.

Selenium
The best dietary sources of selenium include nuts, unrefined grains, brown rice, wheat germ and seafood. In the body, selenium functions as part of an antioxidant enzyme called glutathione peroxidase, as well as promoting normal growth and proper usage of iodine in thyroid functioning. Selenium also supports the antioxidant effect of vitamin E and is often added to vitamin E supplements. As part of the antioxidant, glutathione peroxidase, selenium plays a direct role in the body’s ability to protect cells from damage by free radicals.

Copper
The richest sources of dietary copper derive from organ meats, seafood, nuts, seeds, wheat bran cereal, whole grain products and cocoa products. Copper may have some antioxidant properties and acts as a component of enzymes in iron metabolism. It is an essential trace mineral. Copper is needed in normal infant development, iron transport, bone strength, cholesterol metabolism, myocardial contractility, glucose metabolism, brain development and immune function.

Manganese
Manganese is a mineral found in large quantities in both plant and animal matter. The most valuable dietary sources of manganese include whole grains, nuts, leafy vegetables and teas. Manganese is concentrated in the bran of grains, which is often removed during processing. There are several forms of supplementary manganese, including manganese gluconate, manganese sulfate, manganese ascorbate and manganese amino acid chelates.

Only trace amounts of this element can be found in human tissue. Manganese is predominantly stored in the bones, liver, kidney and pancreas. It supports the normal formation of connective tissue, bones, blood-clotting factors and sex hormones. It promotes normal fat and carbohydrate metabolism, calcium absorption and blood sugar regulation. Manganese also promotes normal brain and nerve function.

Chromium
Chromium is found naturally in some cereals, meats, poultry, brewer’s yeast, broccoli, prunes mushrooms, fish and beer. Chromium is an essential trace mineral that promotes normal glucose metabolism and regulation of insulin levels, and helps the body maintain of healthy blood levels of cholesterol and other fats. Chromium combines to form something in the body called glucose tolerance factor, or GTF, which promotes normal insulin activity in regulating blood sugar levels.

Citrus Bioflavonoids
Bioflavonoids are antioxidants found in certain plants that act as light filters, which protect delicate DNA chains and other important macromolecules by absorbing ultraviolet radiation. They have been found to promote cardiovascular health, help maintain healthy circulation by strengthening capillaries, arteries and veins, and demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity.

Boron
Boron is a mineral found at high levels in plant foods, such as dried fruits, nuts, dark green, leafy vegetables, applesauce, grape juice ,and cooked dried beans and peas. Boron is found in most tissues, but mainly in the bone, spleen and thyroid. Boron supports normal bone and hormone metabolism.

Boron supports the body’s ability to build and maintain healthy bones. It also helps retain adequate amounts of calcium and magnesium to promote proper bone mineralization. Boron is an essential cofactor for the converting vitamin D to its active form. It enhances the maintenance of healthy cell membranes, proper mental functioning and alertness, and supports normal serum estrogen levels and ionized calcium.

Vanadium
Foods rich in vanadium include black pepper, mushrooms, shellfish, parsley and dill seed. Studies have shown that vanadium supports healthy blood glucose levels.





Sunday, August 25, 2013

Probiotics linked to lower risk of allergies for kids

Courtesy of thenews.com

Babies whose mothers take probiotics while pregnant and those who are given the so-called “good bacteria” supplements early in life may be at lower risk for allergies (but not asthma) than other kids, according to a new analysis of past studies.


Doctors don’t typically recommend for or against probiotics for pregnant women or young children, and it’s still too soon to make that leap, said senior author Dr. Erick Forno of Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh. “Based on our findings, probiotics have a protective effect against allergies, but we still have things to learn before we can give general advice to the public,” he told Reuters Health in an email.

Bacteria living in the gut and digestive tract have been linked to immune system health. So getting enough probiotics - microorganisms like those in yogurt and yeast that have a beneficial effect on the balance of gut microbes - might logically help support a healthy immune system as well, researchers said.

Since allergies and asthma both spring from hypersensitive immune responses, several trials have set out to assess the effect of probiotic supplements on those conditions.

Trials most often use probiotic supplements in pill form because dosing is easier to control, but there is no reason to believe dietary probiotics like those in yogurt wouldn’t also be effective, Forno said.

His team analyzed the results of 25 trials of supplements given during pregnancy or within the first year of a child’s life. All of the studies compared mothers and babies randomly assigned to take probiotics with those given placebo supplements.

Participants were given probiotic doses daily, and in some cases more than daily, for a few months to a year.

The trials tracked whether kids went on to test positive for common allergies - such as peanut or pollen allergies - and whether they wheezed or showed signs of asthma, based on a questionnaire given to parents.

Babies who were exposed to probiotics in the womb and received supplements after birth had a 12 percent lower risk of allergies in the following months and years than kids in the comparison groups. But allergy risk was not reduced when babies were started on probiotics after birth only.

Postnatal probiotics may not be necessary to see a beneficial effect, but further studies would be needed to clarify that point, according to Mimi Tang, director of the department of allergy and immunology at Royal Children’s Hospital in Parkville, Australia.

There did not seem to be a difference in asthma risk for kids who received probiotics, the researchers reported in Paediatrics.

“It must be noted though that only a few of the studies followed subjects beyond age five and diagnosis of asthma is not clear under this age, so most of the studies are really only reporting on wheezing episodes which may not necessarily be asthma,” Tang, who was not involved in the review, told Reuters Health. Probiotics are generally regarded as safe and studies have not found serious side effects, but it’s still not clear which specific microbes are best and at what dosage, she said.

Forno said the new findings may help bolster the so-called hygiene hypothesis.

“As nations have become more industrialized and developed, they have also become cleaner, and therefore our exposure to microbes early in life has decreased, and this has decreased infections,” he said.

The hygiene hypothesis posits that the cleaner environment may have led to an increase in allergies and asthma.

“The theory is that such exposures in early life helped our immune system to learn how to ‘self regulate’ and recognize what to fight and what not to,” he said.

“Our hope is that with the results from our study, researchers will move on from trying to determine ‘if’ probiotics help prevent allergies, and into ‘how’ or what the best approach may be.” 



****
Want to learn more about children's health?  Visit www.KidsHealth411.com!


Monday, August 12, 2013

Gummy Vitamins without all the sugar!!!

•   Provides 23 vitamins and minerals          •   Supports healthy growth          •   No artificial colors or flavors

...Because every child is a miracle.

 What Makes DNA Miracles™ Gummy Vitamins Unique?
 
As a parent, you want to be sure about the health of your children. With DNA Miracles Gummy Vitamins, you can rest easy knowing that you’re providing your children one of the most complete children’s multivitamin formulas on the market today.
    Usually with children’s vitamins, there is a trade-off: more vitamins with a less pleasing taste, or an appealing flavor with very little nutritional value. Some children’s vitamins – especially gummies – on the market today include mere four or five vitamins.
DNA Miracles Gummy Vitamins provides your child with 23 vitamins and minerals, including 100 percent or more of the daily recommended value of 13 nutrients. Compared to its competitors, DNA Miracles Gummy Vitamins is a more complete nutritional formula of the highest quality for less cost per serving, meaning kids are getting more while parents are saving more.
In addition, while many children’s multivitamins include lots of sugar and unnecessary binders and fillers, DNA Miracles Gummy Vitamins provides your children more of what they need, and less of what they don’t. Each tasty gummy multivitamin has 1.5 grams of sugar – half the amount of leading children’s multivitamins on the market today – and contains no artificial colors or flavors.
Parents always want to give their kids the best. With DNA Miracles Gummy Vitamins, not only can you be sure you’re doing all you can to support your children’s health, but you receive our pledge to protect your little miracle through our commitment to quality and care.
     
Because Every Child is a Miracle.


Click HERE for more information or to purchase 

DNA miracles Gummy Vitamins





These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
*When compared to leading brands. 


Thursday, August 1, 2013

The ABCs of Pediatric Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplements

Parents and caregivers need help selecting appropriate supplements, which should be used as adjuncts to a balanced, healthy diet.

Yvette C. Terrie, BSPharm, RPh
Courtesy PharmacyTimes.com 
Published Online: Thursday, August 1, 2013 

Parents and caregivers need help selecting appropriate supplements, which should be used as adjuncts to a balanced, healthy diet.

Many parents and caregivers choose to give the children in their care multivitamin/multimineral (MVM) nutritional supplements to ensure that they obtain the recommended essential nutrients, to promote overall health, to increase nutrient intake, and to decrease the risk of disease.1

Overall, approximately 1 out of 4 children take an MVM supplement or some type of nutritional supplement, although adolescents are least likely to take these supplements.1 However, a 2009 study found that children who are at greatest risk for nutritional deficiencies are least likely to use nutritional supplements.2-4 The study found that children who are more active, healthier, eat a balanced diet, and have better access to health care are more likely to take MVM supplements and that vitamin usage was highest among 2- to 4-year-olds and lowest among 12- to 17-year-olds.2,4

Other studies have demonstrated that the majority of children typically meet the recommended intake of essential nutrients through dietary means alone.1-4 The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American Dietetic Association emphasize that eating a balanced, nutritious diet is the optimal method of obtaining essential nutrients.2-4 The AAP does not recommend nutritional supplementation in healthy children over the age of 1 year. Nonetheless, pediatricians may recommend supplementation if a child is underweight, is a picky eater, is on a restricted or special diet (eg, a vegan diet), or has a medical condition that may increase the risk of nutritional deficiencies.1-4 For example, a child on a dairy-free diet may require calcium supplementation, and a child on a vegetarian diet may require an iron supplement.

There is also ongoing concern about the number of children and adults with low levels of vitamin D. Recent studies have found that approximately 70% of children in the United States are not getting sufficient amounts of vitamin D and that an estimated 9% are vitamin D deficient.5-7 Study results also indicate that vitamin D deficiency is particularly prevalent among overweight and obese children.5-7 The AAP and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommend a daily intake of 400 IU of vitamin D during the first year of life beginning a few days after birth, and a daily intake of 600 IU for everyone older than 1 year.8 These organizations further recommend that parents and caregivers consult their pediatricians regarding their children’s vitamin D needs to ensure optimal levels are being met.8 Due to concern about vitamin D deficiencies in children, the vitamin D content of many MVM supplements has been increased in the past few years in accordance with recommendations from the AAP and the IOM. Other studies have found that many boys (aged 9 to 13 years) and girls (aged 9 to 18 years) do not obtain enough calcium from their diets.9

Nutritional Supplements

MVM supplements designed for children are available in chewable, gummy, gumball, and liquid formulations. In addition, single-entity products are available that may be beneficial for those who are deficient in just 1 nutrient, such as vitamin D or calcium. There are also liquid nutritional supplements such as Pediasure (Abbott) that provide children with protein, fat, fiber, and a combination of vitamins and minerals to aid in growth and promote weight gain.10 Parents should be encouraged to discuss the use of liquid nutritional supplements or MVM supplements with their pediatrician to ascertain which is the best option. MVM supplements for children may include omega-3 fatty acids for healthy brain development and heart health, extra vitamin C to promote immune support, as well as iron, calcium, zinc, vitamin D, the B vitamins, and vitamin E, which are all nutrients children are most commonly deficient in.7

In addition to the typical children’s formulations, Bayer Healthcare markets the One A Day Teen Advantage line of vitamins specifically designed to meet the nutritional needs of teenage boys or girls. The formulation for teen girls contains extra iron, which helps prevent iron-deficiency anemia during menstruation, while the teen boys’ formula contains nutrients to promote muscle function and growth. In addition, Bayer has introduced a new line of Flintstones MVM supplements for toddlers in both chewable and gummy formulations. The company has also introduced a new formulation of Flintstones Complete Vitamins by adding more vitamin D to the supplement. Other popular brands of children’s multivitamin supplements include Centrum Kids (Pfizer Consumer) and L’il Critters Gummy Bear Supplements (Northwest Natural Products, Inc).

Conclusion

MVM supplements should always be kept out of reach of children to prevent accidental overdose, which is particularly important because nutritional supplements can easily be mistaken for candy. Parents should remember to only give children the formulations that are marketed for use in children and to administer no more than the recommended dosage; excessive doses, especially of fat-soluble vitamins, can cause toxicities. Because children are increasingly being prescribed medications to treat conditions such as asthma, diabetes, allergies, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, pharmacists should screen for possible contraindications and drug interactions before recommending supplements.

During counseling, pharmacists should advise parents and caregivers that nutritional supplements are intended to be used as adjuncts to—not substitutes for—a balanced, healthy diet. Parents and caregivers should also be reminded that these supplements are intended to prevent nutritional deficiencies and to maintain nutritional stores and are not intended for self-treatment of vitamin deficiencies. Patients exhibiting signs of nutritional deficiencies should always be referred to their primary health care provider for proper treatment. Pharmacists should also check for possible therapeutic duplications to prevent possible toxicities, especially involving fat-soluble vitamins and iron. Pharmacists can be instrumental in assisting parents and caregivers in the proper selection of nutritional supplements and in identifying possible drug-micronutrient interactions and contraindications. If there is any doubt regarding whether supplementation is needed, parents should be encouraged to discuss the use of MVM supplements with their pediatrician. It is especially important to remind patients that there is no substitute for eating a balanced, healthy diet to ensure the overall health of their child.


Ms. Terrie is a clinical pharmacy writer based in Haymarket, Virginia.


Resources
For more information on MVM supplements and dietary guidelines for children, please visit the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements website at http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/list-VitaminsMinerals/.

References
  1. National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Multivitamin/mineral supplements. http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/MVMS-QuickFacts. Accessed June 3, 2013.
  2. Moreno M. Advice for patients: vitamin and mineral supplementation in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(2):192.
  3. Science Daily. Vitamin use is highest in kids who don’t need them, study finds. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090202174657.htm. Accessed June 4, 2013.
  4. Ulfat S, Byrd RS, Auinger P. Vitamin and mineral supplement use by children and adolescents in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination survey: relationship with nutrition, food security, physical activity, and health care access. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(2):150-157.
  5. CCNhealth.com. Vitamin D deficiency common in U.S. children. www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/08/03/vitamin.d.children. Accessed June 3, 2013.
  6. Turer CB, Lin H, Flores G. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among overweight and obese US children. Pediatrics. 2013;131(1):e152-e161. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/131/1/e152.abstract. Accessed June 3, 2013.
  7. Peaslee K. Supplements: nutrition insurance for children. Today’s Dietitian. www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/tdjan2008pg50.shtml. Accessed June 5, 2013.
  8. American Academy of Pediatrics. Kids and vitamin D deficiency. www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/pages/Kids-and-Vitamin-D-Deficiency.aspx. Accessed June 6, 2013.
  9. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Calcium. http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Calcium-QuickFacts/. Accessed June 3, 2013.
  10. Abbott Laboratories. Pediasure [product information]. http://pediasure.com/kid-nutrition-products. Accessed June 4, 2013.
*****
For more information about children''s multivitamins, please visit www.kidshealth411.com.